Welcome to my C++ & DSA learning repository!
This repo contains all my notes, examples, and implementations of Data Structures and Algorithms in C++, from basics to advanced topics.
It is designed for learning, practicing, and building a strong foundation for problem-solving.
Coding (or programming) is the process of giving instructions to a computer to perform specific tasks.
We need coding because:
- Automation – Save time by automating repetitive tasks.
- Problem Solving – Solve real-life problems with technology.
- Innovation – Build new software, games, websites, and tools.
- Career Growth – High demand for programming skills.
- Efficiency – Create fast, accurate, and scalable solutions.
- Digital Literacy – In the modern world, coding is as important as reading and writing.
💡 In short: Coding is the language of the future. Learning it opens endless possibilities.
C++ is a high-performance, general-purpose programming language developed by Bjarne Stroustrup in 1983 as an extension of C.
It supports:
- Procedural Programming
- Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)
- Generic Programming using templates
Applications of C++:
- Operating systems (Windows, macOS, Linux components)
- Game engines (Unreal Engine, Unity parts)
- Database engines (MySQL, MongoDB parts)
- Competitive programming
- Real-time embedded systems
- 1979 – "C with Classes" created by Bjarne Stroustrup at Bell Labs.
- 1983 – Officially named C++ ("++" means increment — improved C).
- 1998 – First ISO standard (C++98).
- Followed by C++03, C++11, C++14, C++17, C++20 — adding modern features for speed, safety, and usability.
DSA stands for Data Structures and Algorithms.
- Data Structures – Efficient ways to store and organize data.
Examples: Arrays, Linked Lists, Stacks, Queues, Trees, Graphs. - Algorithms – Step-by-step procedures for solving problems.
Examples: Sorting, Searching, Graph traversal, Dynamic Programming.
Why DSA?
- Makes problem-solving efficient.
- Saves time & memory.
- Essential for technical interviews and real-world applications.
- Fast Execution – C++ is faster than most high-level languages.
- Memory Control – Direct memory management for better understanding.
- STL (Standard Template Library) – Ready-made data structures and algorithms.
- Competitive Programming – Widely used in contests like Codeforces, LeetCode, CodeChef.
- Syntax and Structure
- Variables, Data Types
- Input/Output
- Operators
- Conditional Statements (if, switch)
- Loops (for, while, do-while)
- Functions
- Recursion
- Arrays
- Strings
- Pointers & References
- Structures & Enums
- Object-Oriented Programming Basics
- Classes & Objects
- Inheritance, Polymorphism, Encapsulation, Abstraction
- Templates (Function & Class)
- File Handling
- Arrays & 2D Arrays
- Strings
- Linked List (Singly, Doubly, Circular)
- Stack
- Queue (Normal, Circular, Deque, Priority Queue)
- Hashing
- Trees (Binary Tree, Binary Search Tree, AVL Tree)
- Heaps (Min Heap, Max Heap)
- Graphs (Adjacency Matrix, Adjacency List)
- Tries
- Disjoint Set (Union-Find)
- Searching (Linear Search, Binary Search)
- Sorting (Bubble, Insertion, Selection, Merge, Quick, Heap Sort, Counting, Radix)
- Bit Manipulation
- Recursion Problems
- Greedy Algorithms
- Divide and Conquer
- Backtracking
- Dynamic Programming (Knapsack, LIS, LCS, Matrix Chain Multiplication, etc.)
- Graph Algorithms:
- BFS, DFS
- Dijkstra’s Algorithm
- Bellman-Ford Algorithm
- Floyd-Warshall Algorithm
- Minimum Spanning Tree (Prim’s, Kruskal’s)
- Topological Sorting
- String Algorithms:
- KMP Algorithm
- Rabin-Karp
- Z Algorithm
- Manacher’s Algorithm
- Build strong problem-solving skills.
- Practice coding challenges.
- Prepare for coding interviews.
- Understand how to write efficient and optimized code.
- Coding → Communicating with computers to create solutions.
- C++ → A fast, versatile, and powerful language.
- DSA → Techniques for solving problems effectively.
Together, C++ and DSA make you a strong and efficient programmer.