REcollapse is a helper tool for black-box regex fuzzing to bypass validations and discover normalizations in web applications.
It can also be helpful to bypass WAFs and weak vulnerability mitigations. For more information, take a look at the REcollapse blog post.
The goal of this tool is to generate payloads for testing. Actual fuzzing shall be done with other tools like Burp (intruder), Caido (automate), ffuf, or similar.
Requirements: Python 3
pip3 install recollapse or python3 setup.py install or pip3 install .
Docker
docker build -t recollapse . or docker pull 0xacb/recollapse
$ recollapse -h
usage: recollapse [-h] [-m MODES] [-e {1,2,3,4}] [-r RANGE] [-s SIZE] [-f FILE] [-an] [-mn MAXNORM] [-mt MAXTRUNC] [-nt] [-tt] [-ct]
[--html] [--version]
[input]
REcollapse is a helper tool for black-box regex fuzzing to bypass validations and discover normalizations in web applications
positional arguments:
input original input
options:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-m, --modes, -p, --positions MODES
variation modes. Example: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 (default). 1: starting, 2: separator, 3: normalization, 4:
termination, 5: regex metacharacters, 6: case folding/upper/lower, 7: byte truncation
-e, --encoding {1,2,3,4}
1: URL-encoded format (default), 2: Unicode format, 3: Raw format, 4: Double URL-encoded format
-r, --range RANGE range of bytes for fuzzing. Example: 0,0xff (default)
-s, --size SIZE number of fuzzing bytes (default: 1)
-f, --file FILE read input from file
-an, --alphanum include alphanumeric bytes in fuzzing range
-mn, --maxnorm MAXNORM
maximum number of normalizations (default: 3)
-mt, --maxtrunc MAXTRUNC
maximum number of truncations (default: 3)
-nt, --normtable print normalization table
-tt, --trunctable print truncation table
-ct, --casetable print case table
--html output tables in HTML format
--version show recollapse version
Let's consider this_is.an_example as the input.
Modes
- Fuzz the beginning of the input:
$this_is.an_example - Fuzz the before and after special characters:
this$_$is$.$an$_$example - Fuzz normalization positions: replace all possible bytes according to the normalization table
- Fuzz the end of the input:
this_is.an_example$ - Fuzz regex metacharacters: replace all possible regex metacharacters:
.^$*+-?()[]{}\| - Fuzz case folding/upper/lower: replace all possible bytes according to the case table
- Fuzz byte truncation: replace all possible bytes according to the truncation table
Encoding
- URL-encoded format to be used with
application/x-www-form-urlencodedor query/body parameters:%22this_is.an_example - Unicode format to be used with
application/json:\u0022this_is.an_example - Raw format to be used with
multipart/form-data:"this_is.an_example - Double URL-encoded format
Range
Specify a range of bytes for fuzzing: -r 1-127. This will exclude alphanumeric characters unless the -an option is provided.
Size
Specify the size of fuzzing for modes 1, 2 and 4. The default approach is to fuzz all possible values for one byte. Increasing the size will consume more resources and generate many more inputs, but it can lead to finding new bypasses.
File
Input can be provided as a positional argument, stdin, or a file through the -f option.
Alphanumeric
By default, alphanumeric characters will be excluded from output generation, which is usually not interesting in terms of responses. You can allow this with the -an option.
Maximum number or normalizations
Not all normalization libraries have the same behavior. By default, three possibilities for normalizations are generated for each input index, which is usually enough. Use the -mn option to go further.
Tables
Use the -nt option to show the normalization table, the -ct option to show the case table, and the -tt option to show the truncation table. You can also use the --html option to output tables in HTML format.
$ recollapse -nt --html > normalization_table.html
$ recollapse -tt --html > truncation_table.html
$ recollapse -ct --html > case_table.htmlUsing Recollapse as a command-line tool:
$ recollapse -e 1 -m 1,2,4 -r 10-11 https://legit.example.com
%0ahttps://legit.example.com
%0bhttps://legit.example.com
https%0a://legit.example.com
https%0b://legit.example.com
...
$ echo "a@b.com" | recollapse
%00a@b.com
%01a@b.com
...
$ echo "<svg/onload=alert(1)>" | recollapse | ffuf -w - -u "https://example.com/?param=FUZZ" -mc 200,403,500Using Recollapse as a library:
from recollapse import Recollapse
recollapse = Recollapse(modes=Recollapse.DEFAULT_MODES,
encoding=Recollapse.ENCODING_RAW)
variants = recollapse.generate("<script")
for variant in variants:
print(variant)This technique was originally presented on BSidesLisbon 2022
Blog post: https://0xacb.com/2022/11/21/recollapse/
Slides:
Videos:
Tables:
- Normalization table: https://0xacb.com/normalization_table
- Case table: https://0xacb.com/case_table
- Truncation table: https://0xacb.com/truncation_table
Thanks
and
- @ethiack team
- @0xdisturbance team
- @hacker0x01 team
This project is made for educational and ethical testing purposes only. Usage of this tool for attacking targets without prior mutual consent is illegal. Developers assume no liability and are not responsible for any misuse or damage caused by this tool.