interp: add support of Go generics in interpreter

Status:
* [x] parsing code with generics
* [x] instantiate generics from concrete types
* [x] automatic type inference
* [x] support of generic recursive types 
* [x] support of generic methods
* [x] support of generic receivers in methods
* [x] support of multiple type parameters
* [x] support of generic constraints
* [x] tests (see _test/gen*.go)

Fixes #1363.

Author: mvertes

_test/gen1.go

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+package main
+
+import "fmt"
+
+// SumInts adds together the values of m.
+func SumInts(m map[string]int64) int64 {
+	var s int64
+	for _, v := range m {
+		s += v
+	}
+	return s
+}
+
+// SumFloats adds together the values of m.
+func SumFloats(m map[string]float64) float64 {
+	var s float64
+	for _, v := range m {
+		s += v
+	}
+	return s
+}
+
+func main() {
+	// Initialize a map for the integer values
+	ints := map[string]int64{
+		"first":  34,
+		"second": 12,
+	}
+
+	// Initialize a map for the float values
+	floats := map[string]float64{
+		"first":  35.98,
+		"second": 26.99,
+	}
+
+	fmt.Printf("Non-Generic Sums: %v and %v\n",
+		SumInts(ints),
+		SumFloats(floats))
+}

_test/gen2.go

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+package main
+
+import "fmt"
+
+// SumIntsOrFloats sums the values of map m. It supports both int64 and float64
+// as types for map values.
+func SumIntsOrFloats[K comparable, V int64 | float64](m map[K]V) V {
+	var s V
+	for _, v := range m {
+		s += v
+	}
+	return s
+}
+
+func main() {
+	// Initialize a map for the integer values
+	ints := map[string]int64{
+		"first":  34,
+		"second": 12,
+	}
+
+	// Initialize a map for the float values
+	floats := map[string]float64{
+		"first":  35.98,
+		"second": 26.99,
+	}
+
+	fmt.Printf("Generic Sums: %v and %v\n",
+		SumIntsOrFloats[string, int64](ints),
+		SumIntsOrFloats[string, float64](floats))
+}
+
+// Output:
+// Generic Sums: 46 and 62.97

_test/gen3.go

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+package main
+
+type Number interface {
+	int | int64 | ~float64
+}
+
+func Sum[T Number](numbers []T) T {
+	var total T
+	for _, x := range numbers {
+		total += x
+	}
+	return total
+}
+
+func main() {
+	xs := []int{3, 5, 10}
+	total := Sum(xs)
+	println(total)
+}
+
+// Output:
+// 18

_test/gen4.go

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+package main
+
+import "fmt"
+
+type List[T any] struct {
+	head, tail *element[T]
+}
+
+// A recursive generic type.
+type element[T any] struct {
+	next *element[T]
+	val  T
+}
+
+func (lst *List[T]) Push(v T) {
+	if lst.tail == nil {
+		lst.head = &element[T]{val: v}
+		lst.tail = lst.head
+	} else {
+		lst.tail.next = &element[T]{val: v}
+		lst.tail = lst.tail.next
+	}
+}
+
+func (lst *List[T]) GetAll() []T {
+	var elems []T
+	for e := lst.head; e != nil; e = e.next {
+		elems = append(elems, e.val)
+	}
+	return elems
+}
+
+func main() {
+	lst := List[int]{}
+	lst.Push(10)
+	lst.Push(13)
+	lst.Push(23)
+	fmt.Println("list:", lst.GetAll())
+}
+
+// Output:
+// list: [10 13 23]

_test/gen5.go

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+package main
+
+import "fmt"
+
+type Set[Elem comparable] struct {
+	m map[Elem]struct{}
+}
+
+func Make[Elem comparable]() Set[Elem] {
+	return Set[Elem]{m: make(map[Elem]struct{})}
+}
+
+func (s Set[Elem]) Add(v Elem) {
+	s.m[v] = struct{}{}
+}
+
+func main() {
+	s := Make[int]()
+	s.Add(1)
+	fmt.Println(s)
+}
+
+// Output:
+// {map[1:{}]}

_test/gen6.go

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+package main
+
+func MapKeys[K comparable, V any](m map[K]V) []K {
+	r := make([]K, 0, len(m))
+	for k := range m {
+		r = append(r, k)
+	}
+	return r
+}
+
+func main() {
+	var m = map[int]string{1: "2", 2: "4", 4: "8"}
+
+	// Test type inference
+	println(len(MapKeys(m)))
+}
+
+// Output:
+// 3

_test/gen7.go

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+package main
+
+func MapKeys[K comparable, V any](m map[K]V) []K {
+	r := make([]K, 0, len(m))
+	for k := range m {
+		r = append(r, k)
+	}
+	return r
+}
+
+func main() {
+	var m = map[int]string{1: "2", 2: "4", 4: "8"}
+
+	// Test type inference
+	println(len(MapKeys))
+}
+
+// Error:
+// invalid argument for len

_test/gen8.go

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+package main
+
+type Float interface {
+	~float32 | ~float64
+}
+
+func add[T Float](a, b T) float64 { return float64(a) + float64(b) }
+
+func main() {
+	var x, y int = 1, 2
+	println(add(x, y))
+}
+
+// Error:
+// int does not implement main.Float

_test/gen9.go

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+package main
+
+type Float interface {
+	~float32 | ~float64
+}
+
+func add[T Float](a, b T) float64 { return float64(a) + float64(b) }
+
+func main() {
+	println(add(1, 2))
+}
+
+// Error:
+// untyped int does not implement main.Float

interp/ast.go

@@ -72,6 +72,7 @@ const (
 	importSpec
 	incDecStmt
 	indexExpr
+	indexListExpr
 	interfaceType
 	keyValueExpr
 	labeledStmt
@@ -155,6 +156,7 @@ var kinds = [...]string{
 	importSpec:        "importSpec",
 	incDecStmt:        "incDecStmt",
 	indexExpr:         "indexExpr",
+	indexListExpr:     "indexListExpr",
 	interfaceType:     "interfaceType",
 	keyValueExpr:      "keyValueExpr",
 	labeledStmt:       "labeledStmt",
@@ -694,7 +696,7 @@ func (interp *Interpreter) ast(f ast.Node) (string, *node, error) {
 			n := addChild(&root, anc, pos, funcDecl, aNop)
 			n.val = n
 			if a.Recv == nil {
-				// function is not a method, create an empty receiver list
+				// Function is not a method, create an empty receiver list.
 				addChild(&root, astNode{n, nod}, pos, fieldList, aNop)
 			}
 			st.push(n, nod)
@@ -706,7 +708,13 @@ func (interp *Interpreter) ast(f ast.Node) (string, *node, error) {
 			st.push(n, nod)
 
 		case *ast.FuncType:
-			st.push(addChild(&root, anc, pos, funcType, aNop), nod)
+			n := addChild(&root, anc, pos, funcType, aNop)
+			n.val = n
+			if a.TypeParams == nil {
+				// Function has no type parameters, create an empty fied list.
+				addChild(&root, astNode{n, nod}, pos, fieldList, aNop)
+			}
+			st.push(n, nod)
 
 		case *ast.GenDecl:
 			var kind nkind
@@ -776,6 +784,9 @@ func (interp *Interpreter) ast(f ast.Node) (string, *node, error) {
 		case *ast.IndexExpr:
 			st.push(addChild(&root, anc, pos, indexExpr, aGetIndex), nod)
 
+		case *ast.IndexListExpr:
+			st.push(addChild(&root, anc, pos, indexListExpr, aNop), nod)
+
 		case *ast.InterfaceType:
 			st.push(addChild(&root, anc, pos, interfaceType, aNop), nod)